Molecular evolution explores how DNA, RNA, and proteins change over time. This module helps you understand mutation, selection, genetic drift, and molecular clocks.

You begin by exploring how mutations arise through replication errors, environmental factors, or recombination. You learn how selection amplifies beneficial changes and removes harmful ones.

The module then introduces genetic drift, the random fluctuations that shape small populations, and molecular clocks, which use mutation rates to estimate evolutionary timelines.

Examples from viruses, genomes, and protein families show how molecular evolution reveals the history of life from ancient origins to modern diversity.

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